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ELECTRO MECHANICAL PUMPS MOVED BY DRAUGHT ANIMAL POWER
TECHNICAL DATASHEET
This technical datasheet presents several tables containing:
- the expected electricity output generated by different types of animals
- the expected water output in terms of cubic meters per hours and head
- a cost analysis and a comparison with the cost of electricity generated by an equivalent photovoltaic plant
- a benchmarking with other electricity sources proposed for remote villages
- the expected benefits of the low cost electricity in the villages
| ELECTRICITY OUTPUT FROM DRAUGHT ANIMAL POWER |
|---|
| --- |
animal power in circular track (*)
|
equipment conversion capacity
|
--- | total energy output |
| --- | Hp |
W | mechanical |
electrical (***) |
instant power w
|
4 hours work(**) wh |
| donkey |
0,16 | 118 |
0,95 |
0,75 | 84 |
335 |
| horse or light ox |
0,25 | 184 |
0,95 |
0,75 | 131 |
524 |
| ox of 400 kg |
0,32 | 235 |
0,95 |
0,75 | 168 |
671
|
| pair of small animals |
0,3 | 221 |
0,95 |
0,75 | 157 |
629 |
| pair of big animals |
0,6 | 441 |
0,95 |
0,75
| 314 |
1.258 |
| (*) elaboration from UN literature
|
| (**) daily time of work for animals in circular track, divided in period of 45 minutes (time suggested by UN literature). Logically the equipment can be utilized, for more times in the day, by different animals, and this will increase the daily energy output
|
| (***) direct use without batteries for pumping and similar applications
|
| WATER AVAILABLE FROM DRAUGHT ANIMAL POWER USING ELECTRO MECHANICAL PUMPS |
|---|
| P = 9,8/R x Q x H
|
| P = potenza della pompa in Kw |
| R = rendimento del macchinario pompa-motore elettrico, pari a 0,70 – 0,85
|
| Q = portata volumetrica, in m3/sec |
| H = prevalenza (dislivello), in m
|
| Così, ad esempio, per sollevare di 10 metri 1 l/sec (0,001 m3/sec) di acqua dolce (densità 1.000 Kg/m3), se il rendimento della macchina é pari a 0,70, occorrerà una pompa di potenza eguale a:
P = 9,8/0,70 x 0,001 x 10 = 0,14 Kw, ovvero 140 watt
|
| P= |
costante | rendimento |
m3/s |
h | kw |
w | m3/h |
| P= |
9,80 | 0,70 |
0,0010 |
10 m | 0,14 |
140 | 3,6 |
| P= |
9,80 | 0,70 |
0,0011 |
4 m | 0,06 |
62 | 4 |
| P= |
9,80 | 0,70 |
0,0005 |
10 m | 0,07 |
70 | 1,8 |
| P= |
9,80 | 0,70 |
0,0011 |
4 m | 0,06 |
62 | 4 |
| P= |
9,80 | 0,70 |
0,0010 |
20 m | 0,27 |
272 | 3,5 |
| P= |
9,80 | 0,70 |
0,0042 |
5 m | 0,29 |
292 | 15 |
| COST COMPARISON BETEWEEN A DRAUGHT ANIMAL POWER SYSTEM AND A PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT |
|---|
| estimated instant power output of an equipment moved by a pair of big animals |
300 w |
| Is considered sound for an animal to work for 4 hours a day with a break of 15 minutes each hour |
h |
4 |
| Four shifts of four different couples of animals h/d |
h/d |
16 |
| Energy produced per day by a single Draught Animal Powered equipment |
wh |
4800 |
| Sizing of a photovoltaic plant capable to have an equivalent electricity output |
| |
Kw/y |
d | pw |
| Sun radiation factor in central Africa i.e. w produced for peakwatt of the photovoltaic module |
1400 |
365 | 3,84 |
| Peak watt of a photovoltaic plant equivalent to the Draught Animal Powered plant as above (4800/3,84) |
1251 |
| € per installed peak watt (modules, frames, inverter (variable frequency) (*) |
€ 3,50 |
Purchase price of an equivalent photovoltaic plant 1251 * 3,50 |
FOB Europe |
€ 4.380 |
(*)
This is a conservative price data. In fact also Grameen Shakti, the energy company promoted by Nobel Price Muhammad Yunus, estimates an higher price for its photovoltaic systems that are financed by World Bank and GEF.
And also it is to be considered that part of these equipments are purchased outside the village and outside the country |
All the cost of a photovoltaic plant are spent at the moment of its installation then that kind of plants have a very high cost in terms of finance.
The initial cost of a draught animal powered system is very low: approximately few hundred dollars, most of which spent in the village and not abroad.
Then its cost and its financial cost is very low: several times cheaper of an equivalent photovoltaic plant.
Also the operational cost are very low. In rural areas the animals now work on an average of 120 day per year. Then there is a grat numer of days in which their working costs are represented only by the increased quantity of food supplied to them.
The labor costs are represeted only by the few minuts necessary to to put harness on the animals and by a light monitoring of the system.
|
| Benchmarking and competitors in the use of Draught Animal Power for the production of electric energy
|
| connection to the electric grid
|
the cost
|
| Wind generators |
the cost |
| shortage of area with wind speed of more the 3 meters per second (minimum speed necessary to generate electric energy)
|
| the plant is not transportable |
| shortage of geographical areas with continuous, constant wind and therefore a great needs of batteries for energy accumulation
|
| photovoltaic |
cost of the plant and of the energy accumulation
|
| the plant is not transportable |
| fuel engine (diesel, gasoline)
|
foreign currency cost, difficulty in fuel and spare parts supply, maintenance problems, reliability and life time of the engine
|
| biogas |
foreign currency cost of the engine, maintenance and spare parts supply problems
|
| The plant is not transportable
|
| To produce enough gas for an electric generator engine it is estimated that it should be available the biological substance of at least a family and five big oxen
|
| small water turbines |
cost, maintenance
|
| shortage of places with rivers with sufficient flood power
|
| BENEFITS |
| WATER |
a larger amount of available water because the new pumps makes possible the supply of water from waterlayers deeper than those exploited with traditional mechanical pumps
|
| less salty water because lifted from deeper layers and then not evaporated
|
| lifting of water not polluted by the walking of animals, dung and other biological products because the animals can work far from the well
|
| the use of an electrical pump allows to lift water from plastic or iron tubewells and this can avoid the closure of the hole now so frequent due to the falldown of the walls of the well.
|
| The system is ideal to lift water on a distribution tower and then to feed a waterpipe network to supply water within the houses
|
| HEALTH |
Electrification of dispensaries
|
| Electrification of health care equipment such as surgical lamps, laboratories, analyzers and refrigerator for vaccines, blood, and others perishable pharmaceutics and drugs
|
| EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION
|
Mobile telephone systems, PC, TV and radio sets in particular for education and weather forecasts
|
| school and class lighting
|
Documentazione
MUSEO VIRTUALE |
Email: info@wedap.eu
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